Expansion . Then, in a series of high stake wars, Rome and Qin conquered their known ecumene. Han however was only ruled by an emperor. Culture. New inventions and the bloom of art also contributed to the increase in trading during that period. Trade was also influential in the Roman economy. While the Sui founder Emperor Wen (581–604) was a capable ruler, his successor Emperor Yang spent too much money on vast infrastructure projects and pursued an expansion foreign policy, which most disastrously failed in Korea as his invasions were unsuccessful and led to a weakening of the central government and revolts. The Jin Dynasty was able to foster a period of prosperity from 280 to 304 AD. Obviously, differences in culture, tradition, and location caused them to be different in ways; but even though these empires did not really have contact with one another, there were many similarities. Hominid- this is any creature of the family Hominidae or Primates and only one species exists today, Homo sapiens or human beings. In the West, the Roman Empire was at the height of its power, surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and having complete control over the goods traded there. This was different for Rome. The decision by the court of establishing colonies of Chinese in the Western border regions foundered on the difficulties of maintaining agricultural communities in the arid west. The Western Empire came to be dominated by military officers who subverted the office of Emperor and were often of barbarian origins. The 7,000-mile Silk Road flourished during the Han dynasty, allowing trade between China and India. City authorities had to maintain order and extract revenue not only for the city itself but also from the countryside that was allocated to that city and where the majority of the population lived. In addition to that, heavy taxes were … Their geographical position favored a focus on military capability. The Roman’s developed two different codes of law, one that applied to citizens and another that applied to non-citizens. This meant there was a … The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire are commonly compared for many reasons. Civil wars and internal instability (first with the usurpation of throne by Phocas and then with the civil war between Phocas and Heraclius) weakened the Empire and allowed its enemies to exploit its weakness (Slavs and Avars in Balkans and Persians in Middle East). The East was able to direct groups of barbarians (such as Attila and his Hunnic hordes) to the West. Qin was able to do so faster thanks to its protobureaucracy compared to the somewhat limited administrative capabilities of the oligarchic Roman state. Japan is a society whose culture is steeped in the traditions and symbols of the past: Mt. In China, the Sui Dynasty restored unity to the Chinese world. Each had similarities in political structures such as they were both ruled by emperors, but they did still have differences. Andrew Paul Stokes June 5, 2011 Ming Dynasty Economy It’s growth and it’s decline. How US Intelligence lured Japan to reveal its next attack after Pearl Harbor, How a Simple, Little Pencil Changed the World Forever. Thus the Roman Empire was divided in three, much like the Han Dynasty. There were still differences in these civilizations political structures though. Imperial Rome was ended through attacks from Germanic tribes, while the Yellow Turban uprising led to the fall of the Han Dynasty in China. The Emperor, being in command of the armed forces and relying on them for his rule, was in effect a military dictator. For the next three centuries China would be under the control of an empire comparable with that of the Han Dynasty. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are collected. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two of the most powerful entities to rule their respective parts of the world. This may not be a huge difference, but Han had nothing to bound together different classes. The Roman organization of the economy was unprecedented for the Mediterranean world as it made much more extensive use of slave labor than past imperial regimes. The Roman Empire and Han dynasty attract significant interests among historians. Rome also, unlike the Han Dynasty, faced the unique problem of the Sassanid Dynasty, a highly developed centralized imperial state. This contributed to the collapse of the dynasty. It is said that Charlemagne was in negotiations with Empress Irene for a possible marriage agreement that would unite the two Empires. Each of these cultures Han and Rome had their political, economic, and social similarities. The Han Dynasty collapsed and gave way to Three Kingdoms while Rome faced a series of civil wars and insurrections. Brutality but generosity and empire in practice ( republican Titles ) Methods of ruling in china ( Han Dynasty ) less harsh than the Qin Large Bureaucracy prevailed. Although good relations were restored after his death, this weakened the already less rich and powerful West. The Inner Court was also filled with a large number of officials who had no administrative duties but held honorific titles. The Chinese Empire would survive as an institution up to 1911. 6/7, pp. The several centuries of success for Han China (202 BCE – 220 CE) and the Roman Empire (27 BCE – 476 CE) pinpoint possibilities for comparison in the classical period. Fuji, the tea ceremony, and the sacred objects of nature revered in Shintoism.. The rise of the Roman Republic can in some ways be compared to the rise of the Qin state to prominence. Although under Julian the Apostate such fighting temporarily ceased, his Persian campaign proved to be a defeat and he lost his life. In the East, it were palace eunuchs, civil officials and princesses that came to dominate and those groups had to rely on the office of Emperor. More continuity inside china. Unlike the legionaries of Rome, armies of barbarians and convicts had little loyalty to the state. The Wei state emerged as the most powerful of the three and came under the control of the Sima family that established the Jin Dynasty (266) that would reunify China by 280. Despite the success of Roman arms and the fact that new provinces were not unprofitable, the Empire declined for several reasons: Thus in the seventh century, the Empire almost collapsed as it lost most of the Balkans to the Slavs and Syria, Levant, Egypt and North Africa to the Arabs. This was a problem for the East too, but unlike their Eastern counterparts, the Western Romans were unable to get rid of the barbarians. On the subject of empires, we are focusing on the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire, because they demonstrate many of the key characteristics we use to define the concept. The bureaucracy underwent many changes during the Han period, with some government agencies shrinking and other seeing their influence expanded. To properly understand early Sino-Roman contact we have to look way back, to the time of Alexander the Great in ancient Greece. The rise of the Roman Republic can in some ways be compared to the rise of the Qin state to prominence. Western landlords held far more land than their Eastern counterparts and were able to subvert imperial authority. Below the Emperor were the provinces. After They also shared similarities in economic structures such as how they were both apart of the Silk Road. C) The Han and the Romans both based governance of their provinces on state-trained scholar elites. The bureaucratic model of the Han Dynasty was modeled after that of the Western Zhou (1045–771 BC) and Qin (221–206 BC) Dynasties. The officials responsible for military affairs were civilian. The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire had a difference in their economic structures. Much like the Romans, the Han Dynasty also issued large quantities of coinage but since China lacked silver, bronze coins were the basis of the monetary economy. A model de novo; and the distances that can augment traditional historical research into what was sacri ced so that the prime requisite, understanding models and modelling: … https://phdessay.com/han-dynasty-vs-roman-empire/, The Western Roman Empire – the Rise & Fall, The Decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire, Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China. This research project compares the economic, ... ↑ Hopkins, Keith (1995/6): "Rome, Taxes, Rents, and Trade", Kodai, Vol. Li Yuan, founder of the Tang Dynasty, was a garrison commander in Taiyuan when revolt against the Sui broke out in 613. Both were in the western margin of the civilized ecumene (the Greek states and the eastern Chinese states respectively) and were viewed as semi-barbaric. The emperors continued a tradition of emphasizing their divine or semi-divine majesty. Whereas under the Sui unity was restored in the Chinese ecumene, neither Justinian nor the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne were able to achieve this in the West. Unlike the Roman Empire, in which military officers played a crucial role, the Han Empire was dominated by civilian officials and generals had officially little legitimate role in domestic affairs. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Although in the first and second centuries, for the most part, Emperors were able to pass power on to their successors peacefully, in the third century a multitude of emperors, rebels, and pretenders competed for the throne and civil wars shook the Empire. The master of writing was the emperor’s secretary. In northern and southern China, a series of (barbarian in the north, native in the south) dynasties succeeded one another in quick succession. The new dynasty initially ruled only Guanzhong while the northeast, the central plain, and the south were still under the control of rival warlords who had command over hundreds of thousands of troops. The West was less urbanized and rich than the Roman East. Women socially in both the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire were treated like a In the later decades of the second century and during the third century, Rome faced a multitude of problems. The man who reunified Rome was Emperor Aurelian (270–275). On the other hand, Byzantium and the Holy Roman Empire would remain unable to assert control over the whole old Roman world. In 284, Diocletian came to the imperial throne and instituted a series of reforms. Both Rome and Qin were militaristic states. While China today remains a unified entity, the Roman world remains fractured among European nation-states and Arab nation-states in West Asia and North Africa. Unlike their Eastern counterparts, Western emperors (especially in the fifth century) did not enjoy long reigns and this created instability and delegitimized the government and office of Emperor. Studies in science education. These trade routes were virtually the only thing that connected the two empires together. A) The Han economy was based on agriculture, while Rome's was based on trade. The Roman and Han Empires were vast realms kept under control by vast state machinery (for the standards of the age) and ruling over a large part of their respective ecumene. In 589, the Sui Dynasty took over the southern Chen Dynasty and restored unity in the Chinese ecumene. Yet both failed to reunify the Roman world. They would also have an entourage of freedmen and slaves. The Empire lowered taxes and subsidized public works. This imperial comeback was, however, short-lived in both cases. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy. Finally, the Han introduced the first clear system of bureaucracy, in which the central government designated representatives in the provinces. Size and . Han Dynasty and Roman Empire (Compare and Contrast) The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire vary in their political development and achievements. Agriculture 5. Comparing the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. … However, it was his westward expansion that most influenced what became the Han Empire. Rome and Han: A comparison of empires. Roman agriculture was centered on large plantations called latifundia that were worked by hundreds of slaves. In the case of China, it was the Xiongnu, a confederation of nomadic steppe peoples. Charlemagne in 800 restored the Western Roman Empire. Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the Han and Roman empires? The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire had a difference in their economic structures. In China, the situation was different. The Western Empire had more than a few disadvantages. The major achievements of the early Han dynasty revolve around the first emperor to reign under the Mandate of Heaven, Wu Ti. Crossing more than four centuries, the Han time frame is viewed as a brilliant age in Chinese history. It should be noted that Emperor Maurice (582–602) was overthrown by his soldiers because, in an attempt to save money, he ordered them to remain north of Danube during winter. It must not be forgotten that at least until the third century, the Emperors maintained the facade of the Res Publica. Compared to the Roman Emperor, the Han Emperor was much more passive and ritualistic. If a women didn’t have a boy or couldn’t have children she was blamed and generally killed. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty faced similar problems of barbarian invasions and internal infighting. Both Rome and Han China developed an elaborate administration to rule over their vast realms. The roaming Xiongnu, later framing another traveling clan called the Huns, attacked and assaulted Han China, after it could never again bear to pay tribute to them; this at last made the line arrive at and end. Ultimately, the central government lost control of the western frontier, as provincial governors began taking matters on their own hands and in effect created private armies. They can also help and American audience combine more familiar knowledge, usually about Rome, with an appreciation for less familiar classical … The Han Dynasty 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E. The Han Dynasty, ruling over 60 million people and a territory of 1.5 million square kilometers, was administered by a bureaucracy consisting of over 120,000 officials. Hire a subject expert to help you with Han Dynasty Vs. Roman Empire. The Roman and Han empires were different with respect to how each came … The Emperors made use of freedmen for administrative duties, naming them to such offices as ab epistulis (in charge of correspondence), a libellis (in charge of petitions) and a rationibus (in charge of accounts). The family most closely related to the family. This was a huge similarity between these cultures. The Jin capitals of Luoyang and Chang’an were captured and the Jin remnants retreated to the South. Social . Both the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire used the silk trade routes, particularly over land. The trade during the time of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty were very similar. Philosophy 7. The Franks were closer to Italy and proved that they could protect the Pope and intervene effectively in Italy. Hence the Pope turned to Charlemagne for assistance. Sino-Roman relations comprised the mostly indirect contact, flow of trade goods, information, and occasional travellers between the Roman Empire and Han Empire of China, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various Chinese dynasties. Eventually, three kingdoms emerged; Wei, Shu Han and Wu. Both the Han Dynasty and Imperial Rome were monarchies. So, we have to make choices about what to study in the time we have. The Romans made extensive investments into building up good infrastructure, constructing an extensive road network. The Western equivalent would have been if Charlemagne had conquered Byzantium and restored unity over the Roman world. In the chart below discuss the most valuable similarities and differences between Han and Rome. The Yellow Turban rebellion (184–205 AD) allowed provincial governors to establish their independence. The Inner Court had six masters: master of clothing, master of food, master of headgear, master of banquets, master of baths, and master of writing. Rome used the patron/client relationship to turn men into equals, because inequality of men in Rome was turned into a system of mutual benefits and obligations. The garrisoned provinces of the Empire were under the direct control of the Emperor and ruled by his appointees while the public provinces were ruled by senators selected by lot, according to the Republican practice that was maintained. The Han Empire comprised of 1587 county-level governments. Lastly a difference in their social structures was that the Han Dynasty didn’t have a patron/client relationship bounding together individuals of different class like Rome. The Roman and Han empires were different with respect to how each came … Western Roman Empire | A map depicting the separate empires of Rome| Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase From Kingdom To Republic The Etruscans and Rome (Previous Wiki notes) There are. Rome loved silk which China manufactured and china loved other goods from Rome. The Eastern Roman Empire in the sixth century launched a series of military invasions with the goal of restoring, at least partly, the Roman Empire. The Roman’s developed two different codes of law, one that applied to citizens and another that applied to non-citizens. During the eighth and ninth centuries, Byzantium was mired by internal conflict over the Christian icons (Iconoclast Emperors considered them a form of idolatry, putting them at odds with the Pope). Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other wa… Eventually, the Northern Zhou dynasty was able to reunify the north. Compare and Contrast Essay Roman Empire vs. Han Dynasty Bethany Corl HIEU 201-B11 September 29, 2014 Compare and Contrast Essay The Roman and Han empires flourished in culture, wealth, and technological advances at their pinnacle, leading not to future stability, but to greed, corruption, and ultimately their downfall. In Rome the officials of the central administration may have been as high as 5000 during the Antonine times (96–180). Women of both civilizations could not own property or vote. Once the danger of Xiongnu passed, the imperial court stopped paying subsidies to its barbarian allies and they turned into plunder. Where were the Roman and Chinese empires located? The Roman Empire is thought to be the primary foundation of Western culture and modes of government. The Tang Dynasty was among the richest and most powerful states in the medieval world. The road network facilitated it and so did the Mediterranean, which made it easy to shuttle goods throughout the Empire through sea. Lastly they shared some similarities in social structures such as how women were treated. Other than these trade routes, the Roman Empire and China had no connections. Neither Byzantium nor Jin could reconquer the lost parts of the Empire (although, under Justinian, the Byzantines came pretty close to it). How did rome and the Han Dynasty differ in expanding ? They also were too focused on the Arab onslaught and the Bulgar threat in the Balkans to aid the Pope and the imperial holdings in Italy that were under the threat of the Lombards. While Theodosius the Great was able to once again restore a sense of stability and reunify the Empire, after his death in 395 the Empire was divided again in two. That system was highly successful at eventually defeating the Xiongnu but it created new problems for Han China. The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. The Franks in the West, who during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire had established themselves in Gaul, were able to expand their holdings and under Charlemagne they united most of Western Europe. These things made these civilizations grow and learn and sometimes fail, but they have set some of the basic rules for some civilizations today. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/han-dynasty-vs-roman-empire/. Once again, the two parts of the Empire clashed due to the ambitions of Stilicho, magister militum of the West. The Chinese also built large scale road networks to facilitate commerce and after defeating the Xiongnu in the West, they were able to begin trade with Persia and, indirectly, with Rome. Unlike Han Emperors, the Roman ruler was much less secure due to the Republican tradition of Rome; dynasties, while they could be established, were not institutionally enshrined and the murder of a tyrannical emperor was justifiable. The empire also faced internal problems as there was a succession of incompetent emperors who relied too much on court eunuchs and mismanaged the empire. There was trade carried on between them (mainly along the Silk Road) but the Han Dynasty was situated in China while Rome was situated in the Mediterranean. They had emperors that had absolute power. Both Rome and Qin were militaristic states. There exist similarities and disparities concerning the way both entities gained and lost their power. Answer to: Compare and contrast the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire. Their products were then sold in urban markets. Each of the civilizations also had their differences. You can then sort out the importance of work-related experiences to design lessons. The richest Senators of the East had relatively modest riches and land compared to Western Senators. (2016, Aug 24). The Han dynasty attempted to further Confucian thought as a means of inculcating certain values in the elite, and if possible, other classes. It took five years of campaigning by the imperial princes Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin before the country was reunified. The Han line (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second supreme line of China (206 BC–220 Promotion), went before by the Qin administration (221–206 BC) and prevailing by the Three Realms time frame (220–280 Advertisement). At the head of this vast state machinery was the Emperor. B) The Han and the Romans both used large amounts of slave labor. Under Diocletian and Constantine, the Empire made a dynamic comeback. The Han Dynasty, on the other hand, provided the basis for culture and government in China, one of the most powerful Eastern influences. The Han Dynasty, unlike the Romans, relied on free labor rather than slaves for agriculture. Economy of the Han dynasty – Wikipedia The Han dynasty (206 BC – … They also facilitated the monetization of the economy by producing massive amounts of coinage. Scholars The Western military was increasingly barbarized. The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire made in the sixth century an ultimately unsuccessful attempt at reuniting the Roman World. The Roman Domain and the Han Line of magnificent China coincided with Parthia and Kushan, spreading over the mid-scope of Eurasia and northern Africa. This never materialized since Empress Irene was overthrown in a palace coup that brought Nicephorus I to the throne. He marched to the Sui capital in 617 and founded the Tang Dynasty after forcing the abdication of the last Sui Emperor, Yang You. The early Roman culture thrived on agriculture, but then the later Empire thrived more on trade. This can partly be compared to the southern Jin that managed to survive fall of northern China to barbarian tribes. Rome had a standing professional army since the time of the Republic thanks to the reforms of Gaius Marius (157–86 BC). Although they restored unity, the pressure of barbarian invaders and internal infighting would cause the loss of the heartland of both Empires (Italy and the West in the case of Rome, northern China in the case of Jin). Eventually they were able to gain hegemonic power over a large sector of the ecumene, Italy for Rome and Sichuan for Qin. Trade 6. Eventually the Roman West fell under barbarian control while the Roman East managed to survive. The Franks were not powerful enough to conquer Byzantium and thus the division of the ecumene was retained. However, Constantine’s successors fought among themselves in civil wars. Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty In China were two of the most famous and successful early clvlllzatlons. So when Rome was occupied on one front, it allowed enemies to take advantage of the situation. The Gallic Empire in the West and the Palmyrene Empire in the East emerged. Han Dynasty Vs. Roman Empire. This accelerated the collapse of the central government that led to the division of China. As it lost territories to barbarians, it also lost income from those provinces and the ability to recruit troops to defend the remaining territories of the Empire. During the beginning of the Han dynasty, the economy was badly damaged due to the policies of the former dynasty. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two grand empires that rose out of preexisting territories and provided relative peace over wide areas. Justinian (527–565) sent capable generals (Belisarius, Liberius and Narses) to retake the territories of North Africa, Italy and parts of Spain. His successor, Emperor Hui, had to fight with regional princes in civil wars that further weakened Jin. Religion and Phil. 3. They were responsible respectively for government administration, military affairs, and the censorial branch of the bureaucracy. The governors, who were assisted by a quaestor (in public provinces) or a procurator (in imperial provinces), legates, military tribunes, centurions and informal employees (‘friends’). The West also suffered the most from Germanic invasions from over the Rhine. This was the fact that both Han China and the Roman Empire were connected by the Silk Road and were big into trading. In China, the mass levied armies of the Qin and other Warring State period states were abandoned in favor of professional soldiers drawn from lowest strata of the Chinese population and cavalry hired from the steppe tribes, as the mass military of the earlier period was not suited to the highly mobile Xiongnu. In the first two centuries AD for Rome and from the second century BC to second century AD in China, the Roman and Han Empires focused on internal homogenization and slowed down their expansion. This was how Han thrived on agriculture for their economy more than trade. In the twilight of the Han Dynasty this army deteriorated as well, eventually becoming an army of barbarian recruits, convicts and poorly-trained conscripts), and the mass of conscripts that form the main base of the army (unlikely to be cohesive for long durations, relatively poorly trained, equipped, supplied and motivated compared to the Legion) raised at short notice. Han Dynasty Roman Empire 1. Rome’s trade routes were built using stone, which made it very easy for merchants to travel from one city to another over a vast amount of land. In Christmas 800, Charlemagne was crowned by the Pope in Rome Emperor, a title reserved for the Roman monarch. Instead of using slave labor, Chinese landowners would use contracts and money to strike bargains with laborers. This allowed the East to survive but greatly affected the West. Methods of ruling in rome. Their empire correlated with another empire whom were about five thousand miles away, in the Imperial Romans who lasted from 31 B.C.E to 476 C.E. Both the Roman and Han economies were in large part based on agriculture. and Empire 4. child in the eyes of the law. Rome faced enemies on many fronts; Rhine, Danube, Britain and the East. By Andrew Paul Stokes Beijing Union University 1|P a ge Andrew Paul Stokes June 5, 2011. The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire were similar in their falls because they both fell to nomadic invaders, and because they both fell because of a decline in economic trade. Nevertheless, the Byzantines were able to survive until the 15th century as an independent entity while the Holy Roman Empire would survive as an entity until 1806, when Napoleon forced its dissolution. Both were in the western margin of the civilized ecumene (the Greek states and the eastern Chinese states respectively) and were viewed as semi-barbaric. Their geographical position favored a focus on military capability. The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire are two very complex civilizations that thrived around the same time. The early Roman culture thrived on agriculture, but then the later Empire thrived more on trade. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing assignments. As such, it fared less well on its own, in contrast to the East. Rome was not only ruled by an emperor, but a senate also. The plague and the decline in urbanization, as well as Justinian’s somewhat excessive spending (although this factor often gets exaggerated), caused problems with imperial finances and the payment of troops. Compare And Contrast Imperial Rome And Han China. That unification of the Sui Dynasty was short-lived but set the stage for a more durable unification under the Tang Dynasty. The Pope justified this with the excuse that since a woman (Irene) was holding the throne in Constantinople, the Roman throne was vacant. Classes 8. Introduction. Location 2. This is a minor difference, but all laws were made by the Han emperor while most in Rome were made by the Roman Senate. The Romans also faced the Sassanid Dynasty that more than once defeated the Romans in battle and even captured Emperor Valerian. number: 206095338. 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