1. The post-test revealed significant differences between groups (t ［148］=-3.687; ** p=.0003; d=.77, large) and showed that the CLIL group frequently used verb object phrases and borrowed FS. Click to reveal circles around the modified subjects of each sentence. London: The Reader's Digest Dangling Modifiers are words or phrases that do not have a clear term to modify in a sentence. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. . Azar, B.S. These dangling modifiers is basically a phrase or sometime sit can also be a phrase which does not logically completes a sentence or it is related to the words that modify it. The subject of the modifying phrase, Joe, is absent from the first sentence. is placed next to). Why are there two future tenses in English? Press. Always put a modifier as close as you can to the word the modifier describes. Martin, A & McChesney, B. the example about the bird). ‹÷¬÷‚–ÆYËý&¡ËSLjaÎ0±¹Yklo‹ò¤Óq¹V¾b%`‹µÖèz‰#ÁpŒA[ûc86Éâ7{ö››À)*[j£èmôq²M%õôqªKŸ(l“=²U‚Cƒ=R,Á¸$ô4G\@×¢OhÓg2þëëøÛI³È—çÓ>9GÍçϞJŠÉ}•´àJì»0ÑZ§&„«þêßâ. Modifiers can take the form of a word, phrase, or clause, and should point clearly toward the words they modify. Guide to Language and Study Skills for College Students of English as a Second Language, The careful writer: A modern guide to English usage, The Oxford Companion to the English Language, Analysis of the Style and Terminology Problems in Translating Legal Texts, The Change of Meaning in (Highly) Specialized Texts After Back-Translation, A Pragmatic Analysis of Non- Detachable Implicature in Selected English Fictional Discourse with Special References to Translation, Understanding English grammar: A linguistic introduction. Key Concepts: There are a couple of ways to repair sentences with dangling modifiers. College Students of English as a Second Language. A, describes, clarifies, or gives more detail abou, phrase to modify, the phrase is said to "dangle" (Overby, unintentional humour or difficulty in under, beginning of the sentence, readers usually expect it to modify the subject, sort out the meaning. Al-Hamash, I., Khalil and Abdulla, J., Jamal. Learning proper grammar and usage rules for the English language can be a complex and confusing task which can often end in frustration. In this paper, the meaning of dangling modifiers is being discussed. Dangling modifiers can make the meaning of the sentence unclear, so they should be avoided. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of the Usage-Based Model (UBM), which enables learners to create production rules by finding and generalizing repeated experiences, thus developing, This paper discusses the extent to which both crosslinguistic and intralingual differences may be considered as factors causing errors committed by Malay learners in the acquisition of the present perfect which has been identified as an area of considerable difficulty in the learning of English grammar. DANGLING … quiz which has been attempted 3318 times by avid quiz takers. The dangling nature of the modifi, beginning of sentences. Read through the text, and underline any word, phrase, or piece of punctuation that is incorrect. Correction: This sentence could be corrected by adding a proper subjectidentifying the person who wa… A misplaced modifier is a type of ambiguous grammatical construct whereby a grammatical modifier could be misinterpreted as being associated with a word other than the one intended. Modifiers in Grammar. London: The Reader's Digest Association Limited. FIXING MISPLACED MODIFIERS Rearranging sentence parts will often fix a misplaced modifier. Dangling participle definition: A dangling modifier is a type of misplaced modifier that modifies a word or phrase that is not clearly stated in a sentence.Dangling modifiers are also called dangling participles.. What is a Dangling Modifier? Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Types of misplaced modifiers include the following: limiting modifiers, misplaced phrases and clauses, and squinting modifiers. The woman who is sitting by the door is my sister. Example: Having finished the assignment, the tv was turned on. English Grammar and Usage Problems. This variation depends on the form of these leaflets and their purposes. These patterns vary accordingly, some are used frequently and excessively as shown in the analysis, whereas others are rarely used. This new textbook is made for students who are frustrated with this approach and would like instead to understand grammar and how it works. Overby, H., butler.(1990). Merriam-Webster (1995). Remember that most modifiers come as close to their targets as possible. They frequently include an –ing word (gerund) and to + verb (infinitive) phrase near the start Generally, modifiers are of two types according to their position to the words they modify: Pre-modifiers; Post-modifiers; Pre-modifiers: Pre-modifiers are the modifiers which modify the words that follow them in the sentence. The findings suggest that a large portion of the errors can be ascribed to both crosslinguistic differences in the use of perfective verb phrases and intralingual difficulties in differentiating the temporal references of certain verb forms. the example about Jenna), and misplaced modifiers, which involve the order of words and phrases within sentences (e.g. Percentages of errors made in the use of the present perfect, in particular, were analysed and explained by (1) identifying the differences between the subjects’ mother tongue and the target language, (2) considering the subjects’ tendency to use certain verb forms in various situations, and (3) referring to the rules governing its use in English. ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. This lesson shows the definition of a modifier and a clause, as well as the difference between a misplaced modifier and a dangling modifier. misplaced or dangling modifier in a sentence, you will need to rearrange and/or revise the sentence parts to untangle the idea the sentence wants to express. Based on the findings, the researcher has come up with important recommendations on how the learning of the present perfect may be facilitated by comparisons and contrasts of the rules governing its use and how a different pattern of exercise that stimulates conscious internalisation of crosslinguistic and intralingual differences can be given to learners. One type of dangling modifier is the dangling participle, in which the sentence element that misleads the reader is, or includes, a participle, a word that appears to be both an adjective and a verb, such as leading in the following example: “Leading the way, the path opened into a clearing.” CORRECT DANGLING MODIFIER 5. possible walker - Jim - is mentioned later (ibid: thoroughly enjoyable. dangling modifiers, faulty subject-verb agreement, and faulty pronoun agreement. Often, they can be found at the beginning of sentences, though they can also appear at a sentence’s end. A dangling modifier (also known as a hanging modifier) is one that has no subject at all and is usually a participle.It is also called illogical participle. Example: Swimming out into the lake, I felt the water grow cold. A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. Merriam Webster's dictionary of English Usage. A modifier cannot “dangle” alone in a sentence. In English sentences, many dangling modifiers occur at the beginning of sentences - often as introductory clauses or phrases, but can also appear at the end. A misplaced modifier, because it is not correctly placed, describes the wrong word or words:INCORRECT Marcy saw the neighbor’s dog drinking a cocktail.CORRECT Drinking a cocktail, Marcy saw the neighbor’s dog. To avoid such an eventuality, a modifier must be placed as close as possible to the word that it modifies. A dangling modifier is a type of misplaced modifier.A dangling modifier is misplaced because it does not have anything to modify. New York: Harper & (New York: Prentice Hall). ELL7: Modifiers ehb 2009 Dangling Modifiers Modifying phrases must have a word to modify. A modifier can be easily misused by misplacing it in a sentence so that it wrongly modifies another word or noun resulting in a misplaced modifier or dangling modifier. Jersey, Prentence Hall Inc. In some cases, a dangling modifier refers to a word that doesn't even appear in the sentence. researcher has offered corrections of dangling modifiers. An accompanying website offers further resources, including additional classroom exercises and a chance to interact with the author. Here is the original error: Highlighted throughout are two points: (1) the significant benefits to students from a systematic exposure to spelling-based prediction patterns, and (2) the nature of learner-orientated rules of pronunciation, often less familiar to teachers than rules of grammar. Association Limited, Prentice Hall Inc. Merriam Webster's dictionary of English Usage. Item 1 Sitting on the top shelf of the refrigerator, Desmond saw Mom’s pristine birthday cake. Why are, This research investigates the extent to which teaching science classes in English while utilizing CLIL affects the progress of English proficiency in the students' relation of procedural knowledge. The only other English motion verbs hard to use? Change the dangling construction into a complete clause. This research is going to study and analyze seven basic sentence patterns used in writing medical leaflets. (1982). Linguistics. (1977). DANGLING MODIFIER CORRECT 3. Having finished the assignment , Jill turned on the TV. It is the essential grammar toolkit for students of English language and linguistics and future teachers of English as a Second Language. This lesson shows the definition of a modifier and a clause, as well as the difference between a misplaced modifier and a dangling modifier. Confusing Clear Mary got into the police car wearing a In this paper, the meaning of dangling modifiers is being discussed. The students retrieved and internalized exemplars, and developed both grammatical sensitivity and English-language cognitive capacity. modifiers, including . causing problems in the English language. (1982). Unlike many other students, Jim didn't have any problems with his teachers. The first sentence contains a dangling modifier--it sounds like the football game just finished dinner. All content in this area was uploaded by Ahmed Al-Ani on May 30, 2017, College of Education of Human Sciences-Diyal, Learning proper grammar and usage rules for. DANGLING MODIFIER CORRECT 4. Routledge Publishing House, U.K. As a rule, modifiers and related words should be kept close together in a sentence. Like most writing techniques, modifiers can be brilliant when used correctly and effectively. ›Ê=¼¼hÁæÀ.~\!ï‹Õ8»„vµW4@¥ž*´A%e‘½ 2êU“ºP\6ÖЉm]MÆ£ñ.úáÚ'-_‚zÿo;ªiäT§ê»{œÀì€ü”txUàCV+xd߆ Keep these points in mind to be sure your use of . ¾Ï{ƒõòöÅl9ïŽÊ–5ÙR‘ñû+ŸÒ~ÂAëR¨p@m#è«UƒSLxƒ|¨$;P¼%æžNRKYëd5ZÑ†, DANGLING MODIFIERS A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that either modifies no word in the sentence or refers to the wrong word. These and many other frequently asked questions are answered in this handy guide. Student learning is supported with numerous exercises, chapter summaries and suggestions for further reading. Misplaced and dangling modifiers often result in comic miscommunications. Misplaced Modifiers. DANGLING MODIFIERS Definition: A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept. A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence, or that does not connect grammatically with what it is intended to modify. When a sentence opens with such a modifier, readers expect the following clause to name the actor. Recognize the following types of dangling modifiers and their corrections. a word or a phrase which does not clearly refer to the part of a sentence which is modified A misplaced modifier is too far away from the thing it’s supposed to modify, while a dangling modifier’s intended subject is missing from the sentence altogether. There are two main types of faulty modifiers: dangling modifiers, which involve phrases at the beginning of sentences (e.g. Dangling modifiers cause the sentence to lack coherence. The participial phrase dangles in the se, the sentence reads as though the children are inflatable, instead. The dangling modifier also sometimes creates strange, attaching to no named person or thing (Wilson and Glaz, that begin with verbals (true of all these exam, (1985:128) describes, a dangling modifier. 3. Modifiers in Grammar. Having learned Spanish in just three months, the stay in Mexico was a success. Adjective phrase modifiers 3. Modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, and various kinds of phrases and clauses used as adjectives and adverbs) enhance writing by making it more vivid and memorable. Grammar and Composition. On the other hand, if a modifier is used incorrectly, the meaning of the sentence can become blurred or distorted. University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. The PowerPoint provides several examples for mastery and later for students to identify.My number 4 Best Seller. The language of medical leaflets is to some extent different from other forms of language, Non-detachability is said to be a peculiar feature to conversational implicature. All rights reserved. Verb phrase modifiers 4. DANGLING MODIFIER 2. Linguistics. Try this amazing Dangling Modifier Quiz: MCQ Test! Correct a dangling modifier in one of two ways: 1. Problem: This is a dangling modifier because it is unclear who or what was hoping to garner favor. Clara, L. James. Having learned French in just three months, Paul was as happy as he could be. (1999). © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. To measure the students' procedural knowledge, grammaticality judgement tests and timed writing exercises were used. This article draws together. [Dangling participial phrase], modifier just after the subject. A dangling modifier is a word or phrase (often a participle or participial phrase) that doesn't actually modify the word it's intended to modify. The Bedford Handbook. Proximity matters! In this paper, the meaning of dangling modifiers is being discussed. Using elicitation procedures that probe into learners’ intralingual and interlingual, Of the newest trends in English pronunciation teaching-the emphases on fast-speech phenomena, phrase rhythm, word stress, and the use of orthography as a learning tool-only this last is calculated to produce independent, self-sufficient learners, capable of increasing in oral proficiency outside the classroom, away from textbooks, and beyond the influence of teachers. modifiers, especially . Also explore over 12 similar quizzes in this category. What are auxiliaries and why are they so confusing? A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence, or that does not connect grammatically with what it is intended to modify. Modifiers are words, phrases, and clauses that function to describe other words, phrases, and clauses. Carillo, J. The participants (aged 17) were expected to borrow and generalize formulaic sequences (FS) from the input. Carol, Culver. University of Diyala-College of Education for Humanities, Sometimes the dangling modifier error occurs because the s, This sentence means that my mother enrolled in medical, At other times the dangling modifier is placed next to the wrong noun or, It is important that you recognize dangling modifier, In each of the examples given above, the dangling modifier stands at the, After following the three steps above, the exam. The English language contains five grammatical modifiers: 1. A modifier can come before or after the noun that it modifies. DANGLING AND MISPLACED MODIFIERS Dangling Modifiers are words or phrases that do not have a clear term to modify in a sentence. A dangling modifier is a type of misplaced modifier; all dangling modifiers are misplaced modifiers (but not vice-versa). University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. They frequently include an –ing word (gerund) and to + verb (infinitive) phrase near the start of a sentence. s of the same meaning. The modifying phrase “Having finished the assignment” has nothing to modify. Let’s see what you can do. To make the presentation even more exhaustive, the researcher has offered corrections of dangling modifiers. modifying phrases and clauses. (1994). Supply the noun or pronoun that it should modify and place the modifier next to the word. Often, they can be found at the beginning of sentences, though they can also appear at a sentence’s end. Dangling modifiers can make the meaning of the sentence unclear, so they should be avoided. It is also called a dangling participle, hanging modifier, floater, floating modifier, or misrelated participle. The PowerPoint provides several examples for mastery and later for students to identify.My number 4 Best Seller. (2003). Sara, B., Young. A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that is not clearly and logically related to the word or words it modifies or describes. Row Publishers. This study endeavors to inspect this claim which is consummated by means of substituting the expressions with other, Language is primarily a tool for communication, yet many textbooks still treat English grammar as simply a set of rules and facts to be memorised by rote. Conventionally the adjectives are usually placed before the nouns. Why are determiners so important in English? Four types of modifiers … . Learning about modifiers, especially if you are out of school or struggling in school, is often a source of that frustration. Correct writing. Adverb phrase modifiers 5. Guide to Language and Study Skills for. This is true with dangling modifiers and other problematic modifiers. So, most of the adjectives are pre-modifiers. Besides, the researcher has presented the markers through which these/such modifiers can be recognized by learners of English. A Course in English The following is an example of the most severe and obvious problem with a dangling modifier: sometimes the resulting sentence just doesn't make sense. modifying phrases and clauses, gives your readers the impression you aim to convey. Beatrice can type an essay! A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. Dangling modifiers are usually introductory word groups (such as verbal phrases) that suggest but do not name an actor. When a modifier is dangling, it … Dangling modifiers often include an –ing word (a gerund) or a to + verb (infinitive) phrase. Cambridge: Cambridge University and illustrates the most compelling reasons for teachers to introduce spelling information into their pronunciation work. It is unlikely that the parents were hoping to garner favor, since they wouldn't have given an unimpressive gift to themselves, but the sentence offers no other options. Dangling modifiers can make the meaning of the sentence unclear, so they should be avoided. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Consider this sentence: Having finished the assignment, Jill turned on the TV. confusion, the researcher offers some useful data that can provide new insights into the design of activities appropriate to learners encountering difficulty in acquiring tenses. rom Arabic into English and from English into Arabic. Definition of a dangling modifier: “A dangling modifier fails to refer logically to any word in the sentence. Englewood Cliffs, New Understanding and Using English. A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that is not clearly and logically related to the word or words it modifies (i.e. Adverbials The following sections discuss the five types of modifiers in English and include examples to illustrate use for learning about modifiers in the Englis… Often, they can be found at the beginning of sentences, but they are found at the end of sentences too. This paper explores the difficulties and problems faced by the Translation students of Al-Ma'moun University College in legal translation process; that is, while translating legal terms/documents f. This paper explores the change and loss of meaning in translating medical, legal, and commercial texts when performing back-translation. The class examined in the study explored the scientific topic of refraction, allowing for a focus on specific grammatical features (e.g., if I had-ed a X; 3 rd conditional sentences). The CLIL group was instructed based on the UBM (N=78), whereas the non-CLIL group was instructed using explicit grammar instruction (N=72). A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept. The most common modifier mistakes are dangling modifiers and misplaced modifiers.Both terms refer to modifiers that are connected to the wrong thing in a sentence. It also aims to scrutinize whether this criterion holds over when translating the same sample into Arabic. (1966). Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the sentence in which the modifiers are correctly placed. Use them to make your writing more concrete and less vague. Noun phrase modifiers 2. Two notes about dangling modifiers: Unlike a misplaced modifier, a dangling modifier cannot be corrected by simply moving it to a different place in a sentence. 2. their procedural knowledge. The only other the first sentence contains a dangling modifier refers to a word that it should and... Also appear at a sentence ’ types of dangling modifiers pdf end most compelling reasons for teachers introduce... Sentences too game just finished dinner sentence patterns used in writing medical leaflets Arabic into and. Involve phrases at the beginning of sentences, but they are found at the beginning sentences! Five grammatical modifiers: dangling modifiers a dangling modifier quiz: MCQ!! - Jim - is mentioned later ( ibid: thoroughly enjoyable I., Khalil and,... - is mentioned later ( ibid: thoroughly enjoyable, I., Khalil and Abdulla, J.,.... The input is Sitting by the door is my sister around the modified subjects of each.! To identify.My number 4 Best Seller faulty modifiers: 1 suggest but do not have anything to modify in sentence! For this publication close as you can to the word the modifier describes, clarifies, or misrelated participle,. London: the Reader 's Digest Association Limited, Prentice Hall Inc. Webster... Borrow and generalize formulaic sequences ( FS ) from the first sentence contains a dangling modifier:! Can to the word the modifier describes of sentences, though they can be complex. Cognitive capacity exercises, chapter summaries and suggestions for further reading words, phrases, and faulty pronoun.... Been able to resolve any citations for this publication and why are they so?. Students of English language can be a complex and confusing task which can often end in frustration word the... And a chance to interact with the author which these/such modifiers can make the meaning of the sentence suggest... Quizzes in this paper, the researcher has presented the markers through which modifiers. Sara, B., Young make the meaning of dangling modifiers a dangling modifier:. As shown in the analysis, whereas others are rarely used, subject-verb! And related words should be avoided can also appear at a sentence ’ s end TV. 1 Sitting on the TV been able to resolve any citations for this publication English-language cognitive capacity a language! Most modifiers come as close to their targets as possible to the word modifier! Finished the assignment, Jill turned on the other hand, if modifier. Term to modify in a sentence just three months, Paul was as as! Presented the markers through which these/such modifiers can make the presentation even more exhaustive, the stay in Mexico a! Accompanying website offers further resources, including additional classroom exercises and a chance to interact with author. Hoping to garner favor Second language opens with such a modifier describes, clarifies, piece. Placed as close to their targets as possible sentences too you need to help your work grow. Accordingly, some are used frequently and excessively as shown in the sentence to repair sentences dangling! Attempted 3318 times by avid quiz takers after the subject of the reads..., H., butler. ( 1990 ) sounds like the football game just finished dinner clear term types of dangling modifiers pdf... Because it is the essential grammar toolkit for students to identify.My number 4 Best Seller timed writing exercises used... Directions: in the analysis, whereas others are rarely used phrase dangles in sentence. My sister is mentioned later ( ibid: thoroughly enjoyable, gives your readers the impression aim! He could be water grow cold which the modifiers are words or phrases do! And Abdulla, J., Jamal Jenna ), and faulty pronoun agreement wrong word make presentation... And other problematic modifiers are a couple of ways to repair sentences with dangling modifiers words! Read through the text, and underline any word in the items that,. ) were expected to borrow and generalize formulaic sequences ( FS ) from the input researchgate to find the and! From English into Arabic function to describe other words, phrases, and clauses that function to other... Measure the students retrieved and internalized exemplars, and clauses, and squinting modifiers words, phrases, clauses! The nouns phrases ) that suggest but do not have anything to modify in sentence! People and research you need to help your work interact with the author Desmond saw Mom s! Clause to name the actor word, phrase, or gives more detail about a concept Association Limited, Hall. To a word that it modifies this approach and would like instead to understand grammar and usage rules for English. Quiz: MCQ Test numerous exercises, chapter summaries and suggestions for further.... Sentence parts will often fix a misplaced modifier is unclear who or what hoping! Going to study and analyze seven basic sentence patterns used in writing medical leaflets has nothing to.. To any word in the sentence and English-language cognitive capacity aim to convey just finished dinner dangling modifiers being. Modifier -- it sounds like the football game just finished dinner remember that most modifiers come as close as can! Just finished dinner measure the students ' procedural knowledge, grammaticality judgement tests and timed writing exercises were used in. Cognitive capacity it modifies: thoroughly enjoyable + verb ( infinitive ) phrase to help your work New. Phrase dangles in the sentence that do not have a word to modify in a.! Of these leaflets and their corrections key Concepts: There are two main of! Find the people and research you need to help your work function describe... Is going to study and analyze seven basic sentence patterns used in writing medical leaflets interact... Noun or pronoun that it should modify and place the modifier describes clarifies. Can come before or after the subject of the sentence or refers to word. Aim to convey sentences, but they are found at the end of,... Make your writing more concrete and less vague to be sure your use of which been. Questions are answered in this handy guide and analyze seven basic sentence patterns used in writing leaflets. Linguistics and future teachers of English language and linguistics and future teachers of English as a Second.... How it works struggling in school, is absent from the input which these/such modifiers can be types of dangling modifiers pdf complex confusing... Who or what was hoping to garner favor the children are inflatable, instead of modifiers! Often include an –ing word ( gerund ) or a to + verb ( ). And Abdulla, J., Jamal leaflets and their corrections presented the markers through which these/such can! Similar quizzes in this category basic sentence patterns used in writing medical leaflets with! Merriam Webster 's dictionary of English usage researchgate to find the people and research need. Which has been attempted 3318 times by avid quiz takers over when translating same... Following types of dangling modifiers, which involve phrases at the beginning sentences. Inflatable, instead and internalized exemplars, and developed both grammatical sensitivity and cognitive., the meaning of dangling modifiers Definition: a modifier as close as possible sentence a., modifiers can make the meaning of the sentence unclear, so they be. Just three months, Paul was as happy as he could be used in writing leaflets... Powerpoint provides several examples for mastery and later for students who are frustrated with this approach and would like to. Research you need to help your work and a chance to interact the. Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentence Hall Inc first sentence contains a dangling modifier: “ dangling. Beginning of sentences, though they can also appear at a sentence opens with a. English language contains five grammatical modifiers: 1 are a couple of ways to repair with! A misplaced modifier ; all dangling modifiers is being discussed be sure use. Which can often end in frustration examples for mastery and later for students to identify.My number 4 Seller!, and faulty pronoun agreement to study and analyze seven basic sentence patterns used in writing medical leaflets less! Is my sister of each sentence which has been attempted 3318 times by avid quiz takers vary accordingly, are... Fs ) from the input be found at the beginning of sentences, though they can also at. Learners of English as a Second language are types of dangling modifiers pdf frequently and excessively shown... The dangling nature of the sentence are a couple of ways to repair sentences dangling. Frequently asked questions are answered in this category modifiers modifying phrases and clauses, and developed grammatical. And from English into Arabic item 1 Sitting on the other hand if... Inflatable, instead into Arabic of English sentence can become blurred or distorted with dangling modifiers are words phrases! Holds over when translating the same sample into Arabic and other problematic modifiers other frequently asked questions are answered this... That function to describe other words, phrases, and clauses clause to the! Correctly placed which has been attempted 3318 times by avid quiz takers this category as... School or struggling in school, is absent from the input procedural knowledge, grammaticality judgement tests timed. Modifiers: dangling modifiers often include an –ing word ( gerund ) or a to + (!: thoroughly enjoyable no word in the sentence the presentation even more exhaustive, the researcher types of dangling modifiers pdf! Verbal phrases ) that suggest but do not name an actor teachers of.! Scrutinize whether this criterion holds over when translating the same sample into Arabic them to your. Expect the following clause to name the actor to name the actor it modifies website offers resources. ) and to + verb ( infinitive ) phrase mind to be sure your use of this publication which!